With increasing concerns of global warming and increasing exhausation of gases, the asphalt industry looking for alternative for hot mix asphalt (HMA). Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is a fast emerging new technology which has a potential of revolutionalizing the production of asphalt mixtures. WMA technology allows the mixing, lay down and compaction of asphalt mixes at significantly lower temperatures compared to hot mix asphalt (HMA). The technology can reduce production temperatures by as much as 30 percent. Asphalt mixes are generally produced at 150°C or greater temperatures depending mainly on type of binder used. WMA mixes can be produced at temperatures of about 120°C or lower. In this study an attempt has been made to compare HMA (VG-30 and WMA (SBS-PMB-40) with organic additives (Zycotherm, Sasobit and Evotherm) with various dosages on Marshall properties for Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM), Grade-2. the adopted mixing temperatures for HMA was 155°C, 130°C, and 120°C and mixing temperature for WMA was 130°C and 120°C. The laboratory study concludes that stability and Marshall properties for WMA mix were improved by addition of additives.
| Published in | International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20210703.12 |
| Page(s) | 27-52 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Wma, Hma, Sbs-Pmb-40, Vg-30, Sasobit, Evotherm, Asphalt Mixes, Marshall Properties
| [1] | Adedeji, A., Grunfelder, T., Bates, F. S., Macosko, C. W., Stroup-Gardiner, M., Newcomb, D. E. (1996). “Asphalt Modified by SBS Triblock Copolymer Structure and Properties.” Polymer Engineering and Science, 36 (12), 707-1723. |
| [2] | Akisetty, C. K. K. (2008). “Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt Additives on Performance Properties of CRM Binders and Mixtures” Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University. |
| [3] | Al-Abdul Wahhab, H. I., Asi, I. M., Ali, F. M., and Al-Dubabi, I. A. (1999). “Prediction of Asphalt Rheological Properties Using HP-GPC.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, 11 (1), 6-14. |
| [4] | Al-Rawashdeh, A. (2008). “Performance Assessment of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) Pavements.” Thesis, The Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio Univeristy. |
| [5] | Anderson, R. M., Baumgardner, G., May, R., and Reinke, G. (2008). “Engineering Properties, Emission, and Field Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies.” Asphalt Institute, NCHRP 9-47. |
| [6] | Asphalt Institute. (2003). “Performance Graded Asphalt Binder Specification and Testing.” SHRP Series No. 1 (SP-1). Astec Inc. Website: http://www.astecinc.com/ |
| [7] | Airey, G. D., State of the Art Report on Ageing Test Methods for Bituminous Pavement Materials, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2003, pp. 165-176. |
| [8] | Arafatyero, S., and Hainin, M. R., The Influence of Short-Term Agingon Bitumen Properties, ARPN Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 7, 2012, pp. 597-599. |
| [9] | Australia, 2012, pp. 1-13 Singh, M., Kumar, P., Maurya, M. R. and Gupta, M., Aging Effect on Modified Bitumen. |
| [10] | Andrew Thomas LaCroix “Performance Prediction of the NCAT Test Track Pavements Using Mechanistic Models” Raleigh, North Carolina 2012. |
| [11] | Awanti, S. S., Amarnath, M. S., and Veeraragavan, A. (2008). “Laboratory evaluation 311 of SBS modified bituminous paving mix.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 20 (4), 327–330. |
| [12] | Awanti, S. S., Amarnath, M. S. & Veeraragavan A. (2007). "Influence of rest periods on fatigue characteristics of SBS polymer modified bituminous concrete mixtures." Int J Pavement Eng., 8, 177–186. |
| [13] | Azari, H., McCuen, R. H., and Stuart, K. D. (2003). Optimum compaction temperature for modified binders, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 129, pp. 531-537. |
| [14] | Becker, Y., Mendez, M. P., and Rodriguez, Y. (2001). “Polymer Modified Asphalt.” Vis Technol, 9 (1). 39-50. |
| [15] | Biro, S. (2005). “Chemically Stabilized Asphalt Rubber.” Dissertation, Department of Hydrocarbon and Coal Processing, University of Veszprem, Hungary. |
| [16] | Blanchard, C. R. (1996). “Atomic Force Microscopy.” The Chemical Educator, 1 (5), 1-8. |
| [17] | Boggs, D. (2008). “Warm Mix Demo, Rock Hill, South Carolina.” NAPA’s 53th Annual Meeting. |
| [18] | Brown, D. C. (2008). “Warm Mix: the Light sare Green.” Hot Mix Asphalt Technology, January/February, 20-22. |
| [19] | Brundage, B. (2008). “Photoshop Elements 6: The Missing Manual.” O’Reilly Media, Inc., ISBN-13: 978-0-596-51444-0, 189-191. 157. |
| [20] | Budija, M., Cornelius, P., Johnson, S., Parry, M., and Webb, C. (2004). “The Development of High Performance Polymer Modified Binders for Asphalt Use with Improved Fuming Characteristics.” BP Australia Limited. |
| [21] | Button, J. W., Estakhri, C., and Wimsatt, A. (2007). “A Synthesis of Warm-Mix Asphalt.” Texas Transportation Institute, Report No. TX-07/0-5597-1. |
| [22] | Caro, S., Masad, E., Bhasin, A, and Little, D. N. (2008). “Moisture Susceptibility of Asphalt Mixture, Part 1: Mechanisms.” International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 9 (2), 81-98. |
| [23] | Carter, M. J. (2008). “Warm Mix Asphalt” Technical Brief, Delaware T2 enterasola, J. (2006). “Modified Asphalt Market 2005-2006.” The Association of Modified Asphalt Producers Meeting. |
| [24] | Chadbourn, B. A., Skok, E. L., Newcomb, D., Crow, B. L., and Spindler, S. (2000). “The Effect of Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA) on Hot Mix Asphalt Pavements.” Minnesota Department of Transportation, Report No. MN/RC-2000-13. |
| [25] | Chen, J. S., Liao, M. C, and Tsai, H. H. (2002). “Evaluation of Optimization of the Engineering Properties of Polymer-Modified Asphalt.” Practical Failure Analysis, 2 (3), 75-83. |
| [26] | Chen, J. S., Liao, M. C., and Shiah, M. S. (2002). “Asphalt Modified by Styrene- Butadiene-Styrene Triblock Copolymer: Morphology and Model.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, 224-225. |
| [27] | Chowdhury, A., and Button, J. W. (2008). “A Review of Warm Mix Asphalt.” Texas Transportation Institutet, Report No. SWUTC/08/473700-00080-1. |
| [28] | Cliff, U. (2008). “Ohio Warm Mix Asphalt Demo– Preliminary Results.” NAPA’s53th Annual Meeting. |
| [29] | Colorado DOT. (2008). “Warm Mix for a ColdClimate.” ColoradoTransportation Conference. |
| [30] | Copeland, A. R., Youtcheff, J., and Shenoy, A. (2007). “Moisture Sensitivity of Modified Asphalt Binders.” Transportation Research Board, 86th Annual Meeting, Washington DC, 18-28. |
| [31] | Corrigan, M. (2006). “Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies and Research” Federal Highway Administration, Website: http//www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement. 158. |
| [32] | Croteau, J. M., and Tessier, B. (2008). “Warm Mix Asphalt Paving Technologies: a Road Builder’s Perspective” Annual Conference of the Transportation Association of Canada, 2-11. |
| [33] | Collins, J. H., Bouldin, M. G., Gelles, R., and Berker, A. (1991). ‘‘Improved performance of paving asphalts by polymer modification.’’ J. Assoc. of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 60, 43–79. |
| [34] | D’Angelo, J., Harm, E., Bartoszek, J., Baumgardner, G., Corrigan, M., Cowsert, J., Harman, T., Jamshidi, M., Jones, W., Newcomb, D., Prowell, B., Sines, R., and Yeaton, B. (2008). “Warm-Mix Asphalt: European Practice, International Technology Scanning Program.” Federal Highway Administration, FHWA-PL-08-007. |
| [35] | Dehouche, N., Kaci, M., and Mokhtar, K. A., Influence of Thermo-Oxidative Aging on Chemical Composition and Physical Properties of Polymer Modified Bitumens, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 26, 2012, pp. 350-356. |
| [36] | Daragna, C. (1999). “Characterization of Aged Polymer Modified Asphalt Cements for Recycling Purposes.” Dissertation, Agricultural and Mechanical College, Louisiana State University. |
| [37] | Dessouky, S., Reyes, C., Ilias, M., Contreras, D. and Papagiannakis, A. T., Effect of Pre-heating Duration and Temperature Conditioning on the Rheological Properties of Bitumen, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 25, 2011, pp. 2785–2792. |
| [38] | Durrieu, F., Farcas, F. and Mouillet, V., The Influence of UVA gingofa Styrene/Butadiene/Styrene Modified Bitumen: Comparison between Laboratory and On Site Aging, Fuel, Vol. 86, 2007, pp. 1446-1451. |
| [39] | Edwards, Y., and Redelius, P. (2003). “Rheological Effects of Waxes in Bitumen.” Energy and Fuels, An American Chemical Society Journal. |
| [40] | Edwards, Y., Tasdemir, Y., and Isacsson, U. (2006). “Rheological Effects of Commercial Waxes and Phosporic Acid in Bitumen 160/22 – Low Temperature Performance.” Fuel 85, 989-997. |
| [41] | EPA Website: http://www.epa.gov/Eurovia Services Website: http://www.eurovia.com. |
| [42] | Fillers of Different Origin, Foundations of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 10, pp. 39-49. 9. Peterson, J. C., A Review of the Fundamentals of Asphalt Oxidation, Transportation Research Board, 2009, 500 fifth Street, NW, Washington DC 20001. |
| [43] | Fernández-Gómez, W. D., Quintana, H. R. and Lizcano, F. R., A review of asphalt andasphalt mixture aging, Ingeniería E Investigación, Vol. 33, No. 1, 2013, pp. 5-12. |
| [44] | Gandhi, T. (2008). “Effects of Warm Asphalt Additives on Asphalt Binder and Mixture Properties” Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University. |
| [45] | Gelman, A. (2004). “Analysis of Variance – Why it is more important than ever.” Special Invited lecture for the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 1-9. |
| [46] | Goh, S. W., and You, Z. (2008). “Warm Mix Asphalt using Sasobit®: Field and Laboratory Experience.” Proceedings of the 2008 Mid-Continent Transportation Research Forum, Madison, Wisconsin. |
| [47] | Grabowski, W., Wilanowicz, J., Słowik, M., and Soból, T., Research into the Influence of Short-Term Ageing on the Change in the Rheological Properties of Mastics Containing. |
| [48] | Guern, M. L., Chailleux, E., Farcas, F., Dreessen, S. and Mabille, I., Physico-Chemical Analysis of Five Hard Bitumens: Identification of Chemical Speciesand Molecular Organization Before and After Artificial Aging, Fuel, Vol. 89, 2010, pp. 3330-3339. |
| [49] | Hefer, A., and Little, D. (2005). “Adhesion in Bitumen-Aggregate System and Quantification of the Effects of Water on the Adhesive Bond.” Texas Transportation Institute, Report No. ICAR/505-1. |
| [50] | Hakseokim et al 2010. |
| [51] | Huang, S. C., Robertson, R. E., Branthaver, J. F., and Peterson, J. C. (2005). “Impact of Lime Modification of Asphalt and Freeze-Thaw Cycling on the Asphalt-Aggregate interaction and Moisture Resistance to Moisture Damage.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, 17 (6), 711-717. 159. |
| [52] | Hesp, S. A. M., Iliuta, S and Shirokoff, J. W., Reversible Ageing in Asphalt Binders, Energy Fuels, Vol. 21, 2007, pp. 1112-1121. |
| [53] | Hurley, G. C., and Prowell, B. D. (2005). “Evaluation of Aspha-Min® Zeolite for Use in Warm Mix Asphalt.” National Center for Asphalt Technology, Report 05-04 (a). |
| [54] | Hurley, G. C., and Prowell, B. D. (2005). “Evaluation of Sasobit® for Use in Warm Mix Asphalt.” National Center for Asphalt Technology, Report 05-06 (b). |
| [55] | Hensley, J. and Palmer, A., 1998. Establishing.... Effects of non-foaming WMA additives on asphalt binders at high performance temperatures. |
| [56] | Hurley, G. C., and Prowell, B. D. (2006). “Evaluation of Evotherm® for Use in Warm Mix Asphalt.” National Center for Asphalt Technology, Report 06-02. |
| [57] | Illinois DOT. (2005). “Pavement Technology Advisory.” PTA-D5, 1-2. |
| [58] | International Journal of Engineering, Science and Metallurgy, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2012, pp. 727-731. |
| [59] | Illinois DOT. (2005). “Polymer Modified Hot Mix Asphalt.” Design, Construction and Materials, Bureau of Materials and Physical Research, PTA-D5. |
| [60] | Iwański, M. and Mazurek, G., Hydrated Lime as the Anti-aging Bitumen Agent, in the proceedings of 11th International Conference on Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques, MBMST 2013, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 57, pp. 424– 432. |
| [61] | Jager, A., Lackner, R., Sittner, Ch. E., and Blab, R. (2004). “Identification of Four Materials Phase in Bitumen by Atomic Force Microscopy.” Road Materials and Pavement Design, EATA, 9-24. |
| [62] | Jennings, P. W. (1980). “High Pressure Liquid Chromatography as a Method of Measuring Asphalt Composition.” Publication FHWA-MT-7930, FHWA, U. S. Department of Transportation. |
| [63] | Jennings, P. W. and Prabanic, J. A. S. (1985). “The Expanded Montana Asphalt Quality Study Using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography.” Publication FHWA- MT-85-001, FHWA, U. S. Department of Transportation. |
| [64] | Jones, D., Wu, R., Tsai, B., Lu, Q., and Harvey, J. T. (2008). “Warm-Mix Asphalt Study: Test Track Construction and First level Analysis of Phase 1 HVS and Laboratory Testing.” California Department of Transportation, Research Report No. UCPRC-RR-2008-11. |
| [65] | Jones, W. (2004). “Warm Mix Asphalt Pavement” Asphalt, Fall, 8-11. |
| [66] | James, A. D. and Stewart, D., The Use of Fatty Amine Derivatives to Slow Down the Age-Hardening Process in Bitumen, in the proceedings of The Chemistry of Bitumen, 1991, Rome, pp. 671-684. |
| [67] | Kaitkus, A., Cygas, D., Laurinavicius, A., and Perveneckas, Z. (2009). “Analysis and Evaulation of Possibilities for the Use of Warm Mix Asphalt in Lithuania” The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 4 (2), 80-86. |
| [68] | Kandhal, P. S., and Cooley, L. A. Jr. (2003). “Accelerated Laboratory Rutting Tests: Evaluation of the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 508, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. |
| [69] | Kanitpong, K., Nam, K., Martono, W., and Bahia, H. (2008). “Evaluation of a Warm- Mix Asphalt Additive” Construction Materials, 161 Issue CMI, 1-8. 160 |
| [70] | Kim, B. (2003). “Evaluation of the Effect of SBS Polymer Modifier on Cracking Resistance of Superpave Mixtures.” Dissertation, University of Florida, 20-23. |
| [71] | Kim, H. S., Lee, S.-J., Amirkhanian, S. (2010). “Effects of Warm Mix Asphalt Additives on Performance Properties of Polymer Modified Asphalt Binders.” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 37, No. 1, 17-24. |
| [72] | Kim, K. W., Burati, J. L. and Park, J. S. (1995). “Methodology for Defining LMS Portion in Asphalt Chromatogram.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, 7 (1), 31-40. |
| [73] | Kim, K. W., Doh, Y. S. and Amirkhanian, S. N. (2004). “Evaluation of Aging Characteristics of Selected PMA using HP-GPC.” Journal of Korean Society of Pavement Engineers, 6 (2), 15-24. |
| [74] | Kim, K. W., Kim, K., Doh, Y. S., and Amirkhanian, S. N. (2006). “Estimation of RAP’s binder viscosity using GPC without binder recovery.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, 18 (4), 227-232. |
| [75] | Kirk, J. V. (2009). “Contractor’s Perspective: RHMA Warm Mix Asphalt Project.” California Warm Mix Asphalt Conference. |
| [76] | Kitto, A. M., Pirbazari, M., Badriyha, B. N., Ravindran, V., Tyner, R. and Synolakis, C. E. (1997). “Emissions of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds and Particulate Matter from Hot Asphalts” Environmental Technology, 18 (2), 121-138. |
| [77] | Khatri, A., Bahia, H. U., and Hanson, D. (2001). Mixing and Compaction Temperatures for Modified Binders using the Superpave Gyratory Compactor, Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 70, pp. 368-402. |
| [78] | Kliewer, J. E., Bell, C. A., and Sosnovske, D. A. (1995). “Investigation of the relationship between field performance and laboratory aging properties of asphalt mixtures” Proceedings of the symposium on engineering properties of asphalt mixtures and the relationship to their performance, ASTM STP 1265, West Conshohocken, Pa, 3-10. |
| [79] | Koenders, B. G., Stoker, D. A., Bowen, C., Groot, P., Larsen, O., Hardy, D., and Wilms, K. P. (2000). “Innovate Process in Asphalt Production and Application to obtain Lower Operating Temperatures.” 2nd Euraphalt & Eurobitume Congress, Barcelona, Spain, Book II, 830-831. |
| [80] | Int. J. Struct. & Civil Engg. Res. 2012. Ravi K Sharma et al., 2012Khattak and Baladi (2001) Styrene (SBS) polymer modified binder has. SBS sembleaméliorer les performances de fatigue des bitumes et des enrobés..... Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) additives (surfactants, zeolite or waxes)...... 1987; Coplantz, Yapp, & Finn, 1993; Khattak & Baladi, 2001; Kennedy,...... Page 79. |
| [81] | Kristjánsdóttir, O. (2006). “Warm Mix Asphalt for Cold Weather Paving.” Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, 34-43. 161. |
| [82] | Kristjánsdóttir, O., Muench, S. T., Michael, L., and Burke, G. (2007). “Assessing Potential for Warm-Mix Asphalt Technology Adoption.” Journal ofthe Transportation Research Board, No. 2040. |
| [83] | Kuang, D, Yu, J., Feng, Z., Li, R., Chen, H., Guan, Y., and Zhang, Z., Performance Evaluation and Preventive Measures for Aging of Different Bitumens, Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier, Vol. 66, 2014, pp. 209–213. |
| [84] | Kuehl, R. O. (1999). “Design of Experiments: Statistical Principles of Research Design and Analysis.” Duxbury Press, 2nd edition, ISBN-10: 0534368344. |
| [85] | Kumar and sing et al 2013 Evaluating performance of PPA-and-elvaloy-modified binder containing WMA additives and lime using MSCR and LAS tests. |
| [86] | D Singh, PK Ashish, A Kataware… - Journal of Materials in …, 2017 - ascelibrary.org. |
| [87] | Lavin, P. (2003). “A Practical Guide to Design, Production and Maintenance for Engineers and Architects, CRC Press. |
| [88] | Maintenance for Engineers and Architects.” Taylor & Francis, 1st Edition, 279-280. |
| [89] | Lee, S. J., Amirkhanian, S. N., and Kim, K. W. (2009). “Laboratory Evaluation of the Effects of Short-term Oven Aging on Asphalt Binders in Asphalt Mixtures using HP- GPC.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 23 (9), pp. 3087-3093. |
| [90] | Li, G., Zhao, Y., and Pang, S. S. (1998). “Microscopic Mechanical Modeling of Polymer Modified Asphalt Composite.” Conference Proceedings at ANTEC ’98, Atlanta, Georgia, 1720-1721. |
| [91] | Li, Y., and Nazarian, S. (1995). “Evaluation of Aging of Hot-mix Asphalt using Wave Propagation Techniques.” Engineering properties of asphalt mixtures and the relationship to their performance, ASTM, STP 1265, 167-168. |
| [92] | Loeber, L., Sutton, O., Morel, J., Valeteon, J. M., and Muller, G. (1996). “New Direct Observations of Asphalts and Asphalt Binder by Scanning Electron Microscopy.” Journal of Microscopy, Vol. 182, 32-39. |
| [93] | Lamontagne, J., Dumas, P., Mouillet, V. and Kister, J., Comparison by Fourier Trans form Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy of Different Ageing Techniques: Applicati onto Road Bitumens, Fuel, Vol. 80, 2001, pp. 483-488. |
| [94] | Lopes, M. M., Zhao, D.; Chailleux, E.; Kane, M.; Gabet, T.; Petiteau, C., Characterization of Aging Processes on the Asphalt Mixture Surface” in the proceedings of 2nd International Symposium on, Asphalt Pavements et Environnement, Transportation Research Board, of The National Academies, 2012, France, pp. 1-10. |
| [95] | Lu, X., and lsacsson, U., Chemical and Rheological Evaluation of Ageing Properties of SBS Polymer Modified Bitumens, Fuel, Vol. 7, 1998, pp. 961-972. |
| [96] | Mallick, R. B., and Bergendahl, J. (2009). “A Laboratory Study on CO2 Emission from Asphalt Binder and Its Reduction with the use of Warm Mix Asphalt.” International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, iFirst article, 1-9. |
| [97] | Mallick, R. B., Kandhal, P. S., and Bradbury, R. L. (2008). “Using Warm-Mix Asphalt Technology to Incorporate High Percentage of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material in Asphalt Mixtures.” Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2051. |
| [98] | Masson, J. F., Leblond, V., and Margeson, J. (2006). “Bitumen Morphologies by Phase-Detection Atomic Force Microscophy.”Journal of Microscopy, Vol. 221, 17-29. |
| [99] | Mastrofini, D. and Scarsella, M., The Application of Rheology to the Evaluation of Bitumen Ageing, Fuel, Vol. 79, 1999, pp. 1005-1015. |
| [100] | Mouillet, V., Farcas, F. and Besson, S., Ageing by UV Radiation of an Elastomer Modified Bitumen, Fuel, Vol. 87, 2008, pp. 2408–2419. |
| [101] | Newcomb, D. E. (2006). “An Introduction to Warm Mix Asphalt.” National Asphalt Pavement Association, Webaccess from http://fs1.hotmix.org/mbc/Introduction__to_Warm-mix_Asphalt.pdf. |
| [102] | Newcomb, D. E. (2008). “Warm Mix Asphalt Heats Up.” Paving the Way, Pennsylvania Asphalt Pavement Association, 9 (1), January/February/March. 162. |
| [103] | Nourendin, A. S. and Wood, L. E. (1989). “Variation in Molecular Size Distribution Virgin and Recycled Binders Associated with Aging.” Transportation Research Record, No. 1228, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D. C., 191-197. |
| [104] | NPI. (1999). “Emission Estimation Technique Manual for Hot Mix Asphalt Manufacturing” National Pollutant Inventory. |
| [105] | Ott, R. L., and Longnecker, M. (2001). “An Introduction to Statistical Methods and Data Analysis.” Duxbury Press, 5th edition, ISBN-10: 0534251226. |
| [106] | Provell, B. D. (2007). “Warm Mix Asphalt.” The international technology scanning program, 13-14. |
| [107] | Oliver and Tredrea (1997) THE CHANGE IN PROPERTIES OF POLYMER MODIFIED BINDERS WITH SIMULATED FIELD EXPOSURE (WITH DISCUSSION) JWH Oliver, PF Tredrea - Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving …, 1997 - trid.trb.org. |
| [108] | Prowell, B. D., Hurley, G. C., and Crews, E. (2007). “Field Performance of Warm- Mix Asphalt at National Center for Asphalt Technology Test Track.”Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1998. |
| [109] | Prowell, B., (2007). “Scan Tour Examines Warm-Mix in Europe” Hot Mix Asphalt Technology, National Asphalt Pavement Association, Lanham, MD, September/October, 15-23, (b). |
| [110] | Prowell. B. (2007). “Warm Mix Asphalt” The International Technology Scanning Program Summary Report, (a). |
| [111] | Punith, V. S. (2005). “Studies on the Performance of Bituminous Paving Mixtures utilising Recycling Plastics.” Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India. |
| [112] | Putman, B. J., and Amirkhanian, S. N. (2006). “Laboratory Evaluation of Anti-Strip Additives in Hot Mix Asphalt.” Clemson University, Report No. FHWA-SC-06-07. |
| [113] | Rajpal, S. (2005). “Rutting Potential of Polymer Modified Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Mixtures.” Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 7-8. |
| [114] | Roberts, F. L., Kandhal, P. S., Brown, E. R., Lee, D. Y., and Kennedy, T. W. (1996). “Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, Mixture Design, and Construction.” NAPA Researchand Education Foundation, Lanham, MD. |
| [115] | Romier, A., Audeon, M., David, J., Martineau, Y., and Olard, F. (2006). “Low- Energy Asphalt with Performance of Hot-Mix Asphalt.” Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1962. 163. |
| [116] | Roque, R., Birgisson, B., Drakos, Christos., and Sholar, G. (2005). “Guidelines for Use of Modified Binders.” University of Florida, Report No. 4910-45054-964-12, 7- 13. |
| [117] | Rozeveld, S. J., Shin, E. E., Bhurke, A., France, Larry., and Drzal, L. T. (1997). “Network Morphology of Straight and Polymer Modified Asphalt Cements.” Microscopy Research and Technique, 38 (5), 529-543. |
| [118] | Russel, P., and Batchelor, D. (2004). “SEM and AFM: Complementary Techniques for High Resolution Surface Investigations.”Vecco Instruments Inc. |
| [119] | Rek, V., Vranješ, N. and Barjaktarović, Z. M., Evaluation of Ageing Properties of Polymer Modified Bitumen, Materials Research Innovations, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2005, pp. 670-691. |
| [120] | Sasol Wax Website: http://www.sasolwax.com/. |
| [121] | Sengoz, B., and Isikyakar, B. (2008). “Analysis of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Polymer Modified Bitumen using Fluorescent Microscopy and Conventional Test Methods.” Journal of Hazardous materials, 150 (2), 424-425. |
| [122] | Safaei, F., Lee, J., Nascimento, L. A. H. D., Hintz, C. andKim, Y. R. Implications of Warm-mix Asphalt on Long-term Oxidative Ageing and Fatigue Performance of Asphalt Binders and Mixtures, Road Materials and Pavement Design, Vol. 15, 2014, pp. 45-61. |
| [123] | Shull, J. (1995). “An Investigation of the Fundamental Chemical, Physical, and Thermodynamic Properties of Polymer Modified Asphalt Cements.” Thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI. |
| [124] | Suttmeier, C. (2006). “Warm Mix Asphalt: A Cooler Alternative” Material Matter. |
| [125] | Siddiqui, M. N. and Ali, M. F., “Studies on the Aging Behavior of the Arabian Asphalts”, Fuel, Vol. 78, 1999, pp. 1005-1015. |
| [126] | Singh, M. and Kumar, P., Laboratory Study on Bitumen Modification for Improved Physical, Rheological Properties and the Effect Of Short Term Ageing, in the proceedings of 25th ARRB Conference–Shaping the future: Linking policy, research and outcomes. |
| [127] | Spring, 21-22. USEPA.(2000). “Hot Mix Asphalt Plants Emission Assessment Report” EPA-454/R- 00-019. |
| [128] | Sustersic, E, Tusar M and valant A. Z Rheological and mechanical characterization of waste PMMA/ATH Modified Bitumen, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 38, 2013, PP. 119-125. |
| [129] | Stuart, K. D. (2001). Methodology for Determining Compaction Temperatures for Modified Asphalt Binders, Federal Highway Administration, McLean. |
| [130] | Stuart, (2001) Analysis of rutting prediction criteria using a nonlinear viscoelastic model SP Atul Narayan, DN Little… - Journal of Materials in …, 2014 - ascelibrary.org … (1997) and Stuart et al. (1999) … Shenoy's oscillatory based parameter is another ruttingparameter that has been found to work reasonably well by Shenoy (2001, 2004a). In field investigations conducted by Rowe et al … SBS 64-40, 3.0% SBS, 71-38… |
| [131] | Virginia DOT. “Chapter 7: Testing of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures.” Web access fromhttp://www.virginiadot.org/business/resources/Materials/MCS_Study_Guides/bu-mat- Chapt7AP.pdf. |
| [132] | Veeraragavan et al (2008) Evaluation of the master curves or complex shear modulus for nano-modified asphalt binders H Yao, Z You, L Li, SW Goh…- CICTP 2012: Multimodal …, 2012 - ascelibrary.org … 2007; Goh and You 2009; Liu et al. 2011)… "The Effect of SBS on Asphalt and SMA Mixture Properties." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 23 (4), 504–510. Al-Hadidy, AI, and Yi-qiu, T. (2010)… Awanti, SS, Amarnath, MS, and Veeraragavan, A. (2008). |
| [133] | Wasiuddin, N. M., Zaman, M. M., and O’Rear, E. A. (2008). “Effect of Sasobit and Aspha-min on Wettability and Adhesion between Asphalt Binders and Aggregates.” Transportation Research Record, Vol. 2051, 80-89. |
| [134] | Wu. S., Pang, L. Liu, G. and Zhu, J., Laboratory Study on Ultraviolet Radiation Aging of Bitumen, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 22, No. 8, 2010, pp. 767-772. |
| [135] | Wasiuddin, N. M., Selvamohan, S., Zaman, M. M., and Guegan, M. L. T. A. (2007). “Comparative Laboratory Study of Sasobit and Aspha-min Additives in Warm-Mix Asphalt.” Transportation Research Record, Vol. 1998, 82-88. |
| [136] | Wu, S., Pang, L., Moa, L., Chen, Y. and Zhu, G., Influence of Aging on the Evolution of Structure, Morphology and Rheology of Base and SBS Modified Bitumen Construction andBuilding Materials, Vol. 23, 2009, pp. 105–1010. |
| [137] | Xiao, F., and Amirkhanian, S. N. _2009_. “Laboratory investigation of moisture damage in rubberized asphalt mixtures containing reclaimedasphalt pavement.” Int. J. Pavement Eng., 10_5_, 319–32. |
| [138] | Xiaohu, L. and Isacsson, U., Effect of Ageingon Bitumen Chemistry and Rheology, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 16, 2002, pp. 15-22. |
| [139] | X., and lsacsson, U., Effect of ageing on bitumen chemistry and rheology, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 16, 2002, pp. 15-22. |
| [140] | Yildirim, Y., Solaimanian, M., and Kennedy, T. W. (2000). Mixing and Compaction Temperatures for Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete, pp. 100, University of Texas, Austin Asphalt Concrete, pp. 100, University of Texas, Austin. |
| [141] | Zubeck, H. K., Raad, L., Saboundjian, S., Minassian, G., and Ryer., J. (2003). “Workability and Performance of Polymer-modified Asphalt Aggregate Mixtures in Cold Regions.” International Journal of Pavement Engineering, Vol. 49 (1), 25-36. |
| [142] | Zhange et al (2011) Xiao, F., Wenbin Zhao, P. E., &Amirkhanian, S. N. (2009). Fatigue behavior of rubberized asphalt concrete mixtures containing warmasphalt additives. Construction and Building Materials, 23 (10), pp. 3144-3151. Construction and Building Materials, 21 (1), pp. 66 72. |
| [143] | Zaumanis, M., & Haritonovs, V. (2010). Research on properties of Warm Mix Asphalt. scientific proceedings of Riga Technical University, Series 2: Architecture and Construction Science. |
| [144] | Zhang, J., Wang, J., Wu, Y., Sun, W., & Wang, Y. (2009). Thermal behavior and improved properties of SBR and SBR/natural bitumen modified bitumen. Iranian Polymer Journal, 18 (6), pp. 465-478. |
APA Style
Awanti S. S., Anilkumar L. (2021). Studies on Characterisation of SBS Polymer Modified and Neat Bituminous Mixes Using Warm Mix Asphalt for Paving Applications. International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences, 7(3), 27-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20210703.12
ACS Style
Awanti S. S.; Anilkumar L. Studies on Characterisation of SBS Polymer Modified and Neat Bituminous Mixes Using Warm Mix Asphalt for Paving Applications. Int. J. Fluid Mech. Therm. Sci. 2021, 7(3), 27-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20210703.12
AMA Style
Awanti S. S., Anilkumar L. Studies on Characterisation of SBS Polymer Modified and Neat Bituminous Mixes Using Warm Mix Asphalt for Paving Applications. Int J Fluid Mech Therm Sci. 2021;7(3):27-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20210703.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijfmts.20210703.12,
author = {Awanti S. S. and Anilkumar L.},
title = {Studies on Characterisation of SBS Polymer Modified and Neat Bituminous Mixes Using Warm Mix Asphalt for Paving Applications},
journal = {International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {27-52},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijfmts.20210703.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20210703.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfmts.20210703.12},
abstract = {With increasing concerns of global warming and increasing exhausation of gases, the asphalt industry looking for alternative for hot mix asphalt (HMA). Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is a fast emerging new technology which has a potential of revolutionalizing the production of asphalt mixtures. WMA technology allows the mixing, lay down and compaction of asphalt mixes at significantly lower temperatures compared to hot mix asphalt (HMA). The technology can reduce production temperatures by as much as 30 percent. Asphalt mixes are generally produced at 150°C or greater temperatures depending mainly on type of binder used. WMA mixes can be produced at temperatures of about 120°C or lower. In this study an attempt has been made to compare HMA (VG-30 and WMA (SBS-PMB-40) with organic additives (Zycotherm, Sasobit and Evotherm) with various dosages on Marshall properties for Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM), Grade-2. the adopted mixing temperatures for HMA was 155°C, 130°C, and 120°C and mixing temperature for WMA was 130°C and 120°C. The laboratory study concludes that stability and Marshall properties for WMA mix were improved by addition of additives.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on Characterisation of SBS Polymer Modified and Neat Bituminous Mixes Using Warm Mix Asphalt for Paving Applications AU - Awanti S. S. AU - Anilkumar L. Y1 - 2021/11/23 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20210703.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20210703.12 T2 - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences JF - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences JO - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences SP - 27 EP - 52 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2469-8113 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20210703.12 AB - With increasing concerns of global warming and increasing exhausation of gases, the asphalt industry looking for alternative for hot mix asphalt (HMA). Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is a fast emerging new technology which has a potential of revolutionalizing the production of asphalt mixtures. WMA technology allows the mixing, lay down and compaction of asphalt mixes at significantly lower temperatures compared to hot mix asphalt (HMA). The technology can reduce production temperatures by as much as 30 percent. Asphalt mixes are generally produced at 150°C or greater temperatures depending mainly on type of binder used. WMA mixes can be produced at temperatures of about 120°C or lower. In this study an attempt has been made to compare HMA (VG-30 and WMA (SBS-PMB-40) with organic additives (Zycotherm, Sasobit and Evotherm) with various dosages on Marshall properties for Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM), Grade-2. the adopted mixing temperatures for HMA was 155°C, 130°C, and 120°C and mixing temperature for WMA was 130°C and 120°C. The laboratory study concludes that stability and Marshall properties for WMA mix were improved by addition of additives. VL - 7 IS - 3 ER -
Email: